Sources

Annual survey covering all higher education institutions in India. Reports state-wise Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) for the 18-23 age group, gender parity index, faculty strength, infrastructure, and discipline-wise enrolment.

Decennial enumeration of population. Census 2021 was deferred; 2011 remains the canonical baseline for many derived indicators.

Definitive Tier-1 source on Indian police organisations. Annual DoPO publishes state-wise sanctioned and in-position strength of civil and armed police, police-to-population ratios, vacancy rates, infrastructure (stations, vehicles, weapons), and gender composition.

RBI's annual compendium of state-level economic, fiscal, and social statistics. Drawn from MoSPI, CAG, and state budgets; treated as a definitive cross-state reference.

Government's official large-scale assessment of student learning outcomes in Grades 3, 5, 8, and 10 across major subjects. Last conducted in 2021. Tier-1 government counterpart to ASER's NGO-led learning assessment.

Live dashboard of case statistics from District + Subordinate courts (and a High Court portal). Reports total pending cases, pendency older than 5/10/20+ years, and disposal rates by state. Values shown here are point-in-time snapshots.

Definitive Tier-1 source on rural health infrastructure: number and shortfall of Sub-Centres, Primary Health Centres (PHCs), Community Health Centres (CHCs); sanctioned vs in-position medical and paramedical staff; and specialist availability.

Demographic vital statistics (birth rate, death rate, infant mortality, life expectancy) based on a continuously updated dual-record sample. The authoritative source for vital rates in India.

Independent constitutional audit of state finances. The most rigorous source for fiscal aggregates including off-budget liabilities.

Monthly state-wise Consumer Price Index (Combined rural + urban). Annual averages and year-on-year inflation derived from the monthly release. Base year 2012 = 100.

Annual compendium of registered cognizable crimes (IPC + SLL) by state, district, and category. Reporting variation across states means absolute levels should be interpreted with care.

Facility-reported service-delivery data: institutional deliveries, immunisation, OPD. Strong on trends, weaker on absolute levels due to reporting variation.

Official statistical authority for state GSDP, NSDP, and per-capita income at current and constant prices, by state and sector. Current base year 2011-12. MoSPI publishes a series of estimates over multiple years for each fiscal year: advance, provisional, first revised, second revised, third revised. Site values use the most recent vintage available; vintage is tracked per-observation.

Annual estimates of total health expenditure (public + private + external) by source and use, including out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) shares by state. The headline measure of healthcare affordability.

Predecessor to PLFS. NSS conducted full-sample Employment & Unemployment Surveys roughly every five years; the 68th round (July 2011 to June 2012) is the closest pre-PLFS benchmark. Replaced by the continuous PLFS from 2017-18, so values across the break should be compared with care; sample design and reference period definitions differ.

Quarterly and annual estimates of employment, unemployment, and wages. Replaced the older NSSO employment rounds in 2017.

Annual school-level data on enrolment, teachers, infrastructure, and dropout. Covers government and private schools across India.

Independent, citizen-led household survey of children's reading and arithmetic ability in rural India. Methodologically distinct from government NAS; both are reported as alternates.

Predecessor to NFHS-5; used here for trend comparisons.

Large-scale household survey covering ~700 health, nutrition, and demographic indicators at state and district level. Methodology based on DHS programme.

TN's state-level estimates of GSDP, NSDP, and per-capita income. Published ahead of and often differing from CSO/RBI estimates because the TN DES uses slightly different methodology, sector weights, and a faster revision cycle. Cited in state press releases, Vision Tamil Nadu 2030, and the annual State Policy Notes.

Composite index ranking states on police, judiciary, prisons, and legal aid. Useful for triangulating with NCRB.